Belief in God, Confidence in the Church and Secularization in Scandinavia

We used the three latest rounds of religion module International Social Survey Programme to study secularization in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, focusing on belief God. restricted our sample affiliated with majority Protestant churches unaffiliated analyzed trends toward disaffiliation disbelief Then, we studied association between confidence churches, religious/secular upbringing, demographic controls God using multinomial logistic regression models. Our treatment as a nominal variable allowed inclusion both element doubt different images analyses. The suggest that Scandinavia accelerated 2008–2018 relative 1998–2008. In these were already significant Disaffiliation are strongly associated, ‘believing’ ‘belonging’ decayed countries seem be intertwined. found frequency attendance at church services (even if only about yearly) during formative years powerful predictors strength attitude church’s power society suggests two variables fundamental conceptualization belonging Scandinavian very likely more general context.